Practical – 151 : Construct and analyze code segments that use branching statements

✅ What Are Branching Statements?

Branching statements allow you to run specific blocks of code based on conditions.

✨ 1. Simple if Statement

age = 20

if age >= 18:

    print(“You are eligible to vote.”)

🔍 Analysis:

• Checks if age is greater than or equal to 18.
• If True, prints the message.
• If False, does nothing.

✨ 2. if-else Statement

number = -5

if number >= 0:

    print(“Number is positive.”)

else:

    print(“Number is negative.”)

🔍 Analysis:

• One of two blocks is executed.
• Ensures that one and only one path runs.

✨ 3. if-elif-else Ladder

marks = 75

if marks >= 90:

    print(“Grade: A”)

elif marks >= 75:

    print(“Grade: B”)

elif marks >= 60:

    print(“Grade: C”)

else:

    print(“Grade: D”)

🔍 Analysis:

• Evaluates conditions in order.
• Executes the first True block, then skips the rest.

✨ 4. Nested if Statements

username = “admin”

password = “1234”

if username == “admin”:

    if password == “1234”:

        print(“Login successful.”)

    else:

        print(“Incorrect password.”)

else:

    print(“Unknown user.”)

🔍 Analysis:

• One if inside another: useful for multi-level checks.
• Used when decisions depend on multiple related conditions.

✅ Tips for Using Branching:

• Keep conditions clear and readable.
• Use logical operators (and, or, not) for combined conditions.
• Prefer elif over multiple ifs when conditions are mutually exclusive.